6.9. Systems of decrease in toxicity of release - the general information
General information
Petrol models
In power supply systems of all petrol models only unleaded gasoline has to be used. The control system of the engine functions so that to receive the maximum return from the engine at the minimum fuel consumption and toxicity of the fulfilled gases. The system of catching of vapors of fuel prevents hit them from the fuel tank in the atmosphere. The system of recirculation of the fulfilled gases is installed.Function charts of systems of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases (as parts of a control system of the engine)
The function chart of system of injection of vdigatel 119 and 104 (the engine 119 is shown)Funktsonalny scheme of system of injection of the engine 120
Scheme of laying of vacuum lines (engines 104)
Scheme of laying of vacuum lines (engines 119)
The scheme of an eyeliner of vacuum and vaporizing lines to the inlet pipeline (engines 120)
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The injector of the first cylinder is in the right forward part of the power unit (on the example of the 12-cylinder engine) |
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Assembly of the fuel pump is located under the car, ahead of the right back half shaft |
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The relay of the fuel pump is on the right in the luggage compartment, behind the back assembly block of safety locks |
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The sensor of a reserve of fuel is in the left forward corner of the luggage compartment, on the fuel tank |
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The valve of switching of the inlet pipeline is located under the inlet pipeline (bottom view) |
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The left thermometric measuring instrument of mass of air (MAF) is located in the right part of a motive compartment, on an air inlet sleeve |
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The left sensor of temperature of cooling liquid is located at the left in a forward part of the power unit |
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The right sensor of temperature of cooling liquid is located at the left in a forward part of the power unit |
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The sensor of temperature of cooling liquid (ECT) is in the top part of the left forward corner of the power unit |
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The left sensor of a detonation (KS) is in deepening from above on the engine (in a picture the engine is removed from the car) |
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The left sensor of a detonation (KS) 1 is in deepening from above on the engine (in a picture the engine is removed from the car) |
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The right sensor of position of the crankshaft (CKP) on dvigatelev12, - behind in the top part of the block of cylinders (the engine is removed from the car) |
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The left sensor of position of the crankshaft of a bent shaft (CKP) on the V12 engine, - on the right on a back wall of the block of the engine (in a picture the engine is removed from the car) |
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Left dokataliticheskiya a lambda probe 1, - under the car, closely to DP, over the catalytic converter |
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Dokatalitichesky a lambda probe 1, - under the car, closely to DP, on tubular section of system of release, in front of the catalytic converter |
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Left post-catalytic a lambda probe 2, - under the car, near DP |
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Post-catalytic a lambda probe 2, - under the car, near DP under a back seat, in a pipe of system of release behind the catalytic converter |
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The electromagnetic coupling of the pump of admixture of air is from below in the right forward corner of a motive compartment |
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The right valve of a purge of an adsorber is located in the left part of a motive compartment, on a mudguard of a wheel arch |
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The left valve of a purge of an adsorber is located in the right part of a motive compartment, on a mudguard of a wheel arch, behind a broad tank of the cooling system |
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The valve of a purge of an adsorber is in the left forward corner of a motive compartment, on a mudguard of a wheel arch |
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The valve of a cut-off of a purge of an adsorber is located under the car, in a back part of an arch of the left back wheel |
System of ventilation of a case (PCV)
For elimination of leak of not burned down hydrocarbons in the atmosphere the engine is completely sealed. The gases and vapors of oil which are formed in a case via the mesh filter get to the inlet pipeline and burn down in cylinders together with fuel.Gases are removed from a case at the expense of pressure difference in a case and the inlet pipeline (pressure in a case is higher).
Decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases
For decrease in number of harmful emissions in the atmosphere on all petrol models the three-functional catalytic converter is built in system of release. The control system of injection of fuel has feedback which switched on the oxygen sensor. This sensor installed in system of release constantly informs the control unit on composition of the fulfilled gases. Depending on the obtained data, the control unit corrects quality of the mix given to combustion chambers and, thus, optimizes fuel combustion.In a lambda probe the heating element which is switched on by the control unit via the special relay is built in. The working surface a lambda probe is sensitive to change of content of oxygen in gases. Depending on concentration of oxygen, the sensor sends signals of different tension. If mix of a pereobogashchen - the content of oxygen in the fulfilled gases very low, the sensor gives signals with low voltage. Tension increases in process of impoverishment of mix and increase in content of oxygen in gases. Most effectively the converter works at optimum composition of gas mixture (14.7 parts of air for 1 part of fuel). At optimum concentration of oxygen in the fulfilled gases there is a jump in tension on the sensor. This jump is a reference point for the control unit at correction of quality of mix.
Two sensors are installed. One - before, and the second - after assembly of the catalytic converter. It reaches more exact tracking of composition of the fulfilled gases.
System of recirculation of the fulfilled gases (EGR)
The system of recirculation of the fulfilled gases allows to reduce the number of NOx in the fulfilled gases. For this purpose a small part of the fulfilled gases moves in the inlet pipeline via the special valve. The valve of system of recirculation is run by the control unit.System of catching of vapors of fuel (EVAP)
Address schemes of a control system of the engine (A control system of the engine of models of 3.2 l, the Control system of the engine of models 4.2 and 5.0 of l).For decrease in emission in the atmosphere of not burned down hydrocarbons on all petrol models the system of catching of vapors of fuel is installed. The filling mouth of the fuel tank is hermetically closed by a cover, under the fuel tank the coal adsorber is established. In it the fuel vapors which are formed in a tank during the parking of the car gather and are stored there until on a signal of the control unit the filter purge does not begin. Then vapors of fuel begin to move via the purge valve(s) in the inlet pipeline, there they mix up with working mix and further burn down usually in combustion chambers.
For ensuring normal operation of the engine on single turns and during warming up the control unit holds the valve closed. Thus hit of not burned down fuel in the converter (is prevented at the raised idling turns mix of a pereobogashchen). After warming up of the engine the valve begins to open and be closed, giving fuel vapors to an inlet path.
Diesel models
The control system of the engine functions so that to receive the maximum return from the engine at the minimum fuel consumption and toxicity of the fulfilled gases. For additional decrease in toxicity of gases on the car several additional systems are installed. The system of ventilation of a case reduces leak of gases in the atmosphere from the engine lubrication system. The catalytic converter reduces toxicity of the fulfilled gases. The system of recirculation of the fulfilled gases is installed.System of continuous ventilation of a case (PCV)
For elimination of leak of not burned down hydrocarbons in the atmosphere the engine is completely sealed. The gases and vapors of oil which are formed in a case via the mesh filter get to the inlet pipeline and burn down in cylinders together with fuel.Gases are removed from a case at the expense of pressure difference in a case and the inlet pipeline (pressure in a case is higher). On all diesel models the ventilation valve is installed. It is on a cover of a head of the block and operates a stream of gases from a case.
Catalytic converter
For decrease in number of harmful emissions in the atmosphere on all diesel models the catalytic converter is built in system of release. It neutralizes the most part of gaseous hydrocarbons, WITH and other harmful impurity which are a part of the fulfilled gases.System of recirculation of the fulfilled gases
On all diesel models the system of recirculation of the fulfilled gases is also installed. This system allows to reduce the number of NOx in the fulfilled gases. For this purpose a small part of the fulfilled gases moves in the inlet pipeline via the special valve. The valve of system of recirculation is controlled by the control unit.